设置请求头

通用设置选项

curl提供了许多选项来设置请求头，最一般的用法是通过-H或--header来设置，其值格式为Header-Name: value，可以出现多次。例如：

$ curl \
-H 'Accept: text/html' \
-H 'Accept-Language: zh-CN' \
http://localhost:8080

================================
Request 21
================================

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept: text/html
Accept-Language: zh-CN
User-Agent: curl/8.10.1

也可以设置为@file_path的格式从文件加载：

$ cat << EOF > /tmp/headers.txt
Accept: text/html,text/xml;q=0.9
Accept-Language: en-US
EOF

$ curl -H @/tmp/headers.txt http://localhost:8080

================================
Request 22
================================

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept: text/html,text/xml;q=0.9
Accept-Language: en-US
User-Agent: curl/8.10.1

要删除某个已有的请求头，将其设为空即可，例如：

$ curl http://localhost:8080

================================
Request 11
================================

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept: */*
User-Agent: curl/8.10.1

$ curl -H 'Accept:' http://localhost:8080

================================
Request 12
================================

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
User-Agent: curl/8.10.1

要设置某个请求头为空值，在名称后接上分号即可：

$ curl -H 'foo;' http://localhost:8080

================================
Request 5
================================

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept: */*
Foo: 
User-Agent: curl/8.10.1

快捷设置选项

除了通用选项，curl还为常用请求头提供了快捷设置选项，使用时只需指定请求头的值，而无需显式指明请求头名称。

设置用户代理（User Agent）

-A或--user-agent用于设置用户代理（User Agnet）字符串，效果和--header 'User-Agent: value'相同。

$ curl -A 'mycurl/0.0.1-alpha' http://localhost:8080

================================
Request 13
================================

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept: */*
User-Agent: mycurl/0.0.1-alpha

设置引用来源（Referrer）

-e或--referer用于设置来源URL，效果同--header 'Referer: value'：

$ curl -e http://example.com/foo/bar http://localhost:8080

================================
Request 17
================================

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept: */*
Referer: http://example.com/foo/bar
User-Agent: curl/8.10.1

设置Cookie

-b或--cookie用于设置cookie，效果同--header 'Cookie: value'

$ curl -b foo=bar -b session_id=XXXXXXXX http://localhost:8080

================================
Request 18
================================

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept: */*
Cookie: foo=bar;session_id=XXXXXXXX
User-Agent: curl/8.10.1

请求数据压缩

--compressed选项会设置Accept-Encoding请求头，给出curl所支持的压缩格式，如服务器端接受其中一种压缩格式，会通过Content-Encoding响应头告知客户端，curl在输出前会自动解压。

$ curl --compressed http://localhost:8080

================================
Request 19
================================

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: deflate, gzip, br, zstd
User-Agent: curl/8.10.1